Apple vs. Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apple versus Samsung - Essay Example Apple and Samsung are world pioneers in cell phones and tablets, the two quickest developing shopper gadgets showcase over the globe. Therefore, the accomplishment of Apple’s claim might have worldwide consequences despite the fact that the decision just applies to the American market. A potential situation that could play out is for Apple to seek after different rivals in the US †with numerous examiners seeing the Android Operating System as the primary objective. Nonetheless, given that we don't see Apple’s claim prevailing in different wards, this would portion the worldwide shopper gadgets industry into the US and the remainder of the world. This would disengage the US customer hardware industry from worldwide rivalry. This could be helpful for the Apple in the short-run yet over the long haul the absence of rivalry could inevitably make the US shopper gadgets industry to go the method of the US vehicle industry. There are three inquiries that I see emerging from this article. In the first place, association configuration is a key part of buyer hardware. Is it moral to give restrictive rights to principal segments that advance the development of the business? Furthermore, when taking a gander at such patent-encroachment fights is the impact on shoppers said something or just the interests of partnerships are considered? What is more noteworthy's benefit? Banks, T. (2012, August 28). Apple versus Samsung - I don't get it's meaning for plan? Plan Week. Recovered September 11, 2012, from

Startup Sesame Features Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Startup Sesame Features Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were resharing this post of featuring Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 and dual degree student, with the permission of Startup Sesame. Here at #SesameHQ, we believe in the potential for entrepreneurs to change the world, so we make sure our Sesamers are meeting the right people, at the right event at the right time. We’re proud to have an  international pool of mentors experts  helping us support our startups. Joining this group of #RockstarMentors, we’re excited to introduce you to Jennifer Kanyamibwa, Senior Design Program Manager for the Design and User Research Team at Twitter! Serendipitously, Jennifer and  Suzanne  first met in San Francisco during a visit to #SlackHQ, where Jennifer was previously working as Design Studio Manager. Check out our recent #MentorSpotlight interview with Jennifer  ?? Let’s start with a quick snapshot of your academic professional background; what path did you  take? I lived, worked and studied in New York City, Brussels, Berlin and San Francisco and hold a Master in International Affairs with a focus on Technology, Media Communications from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) and Master in Public Policy with a focus on Public Management from Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, Germany. Both my academic and professional experiences provided me with a global understanding of how technology works in every facet of human life. Tell us more about your experiences in government and finance and how they relate to  tech? Well, I started my career working in the New York City Mayor’s Office in the Bloomberg administration for the Deputy Mayor for Health and Human Services so all of New York Cities agencies and programs that have to do with public assistance, homelessness services, public hospitals as well as the research and evaluation components of understanding if programs were effective in serving the citizen of New York City etc…these were major programs with many challenges and opportunities and since it was the Bloomberg administration, I learned about the importance of using research and evaluation to solve problems and understand metrics?â€"?similar to many approaches used to understand users and metrics in technology. New York In terms of finance, I worked as a Global Project Manager at Bloomberg LP where I received my formal project management and operations skills. I managed global finance projects including an award-winning, year-long project where I led Engineering, RD and Global Payroll teams in São Paulo, Tokyo, Hong Kong, London and New York City in the design and implementation of a new global payroll system. After this project I had such a world of experience in (1) Working cross-functionally (2) Breaking down complex issues in order to achieve big results and (3) Understanding the global impact of improved technologies and the cultural competency needed to manage and inspire global team?â€"?-these are lessons I have brought to every job and tech since then. Whether it be the consultative work I did with Nike, my current board work as Ambassador Council member for International Crisis Group or even the academic work I did in grad school at Columbia University and the Hertie School of Government i n Berlin, Germany?â€"?these three lessons are my guiding lights. Since you are new to Twitter, what are some things you are looking to achieve with your  role? At Twitter, we (my manager and myself) are building up the Strategy and Operations arm of the Design and User Research Department. What this means is that as the Design and User Research Department scales, I am building out the processes and cultural components to ease collaboration and amplify effectiveness, not only across product disciplines, but also between the increasingly complex world of Product Design and User Research. We are the arm that does all the strategic and operational things to retain and find talent and to scale and buildout a world class design org at Twitter. It’s a very exciting role that combines my passions and expertise in design ops, program management, operations and strategy. Twitter Headquarters (SFO) What are some of your favorite books, magazines or podcasts that inform and/or relate to your  work? In terms of magazines, I love  Communication Arts  it’s an amazing publication that covers the best in graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration and interactive media. Its very creative and really inspiring. I also love the book  Designing Design  which is a great book on design thinking by Japanese graphic designer  Kenya Hara. My favorite design podcast is  Revison Path  which is a weekly showcase of the world’s leading Black creatives, graphic designers, web designers, product designers and web developers. My love for learning more about design was a direct result of working with extremely talented designers at Slack and Tech Open Air. Particularly  Angelica Mckinley,  Chris Reath,  Viet Huynh  (all based in the Bay Area and NYC)  Amit Barnea  and  John Michael (both based in Berlin) I am also super inspired by the cultural and artistic writing of  Antwaun Sargent  (who is a prominent art critic, prolific writer and a friend) his work is creative, passionate and forward thinking?â€"?all things I believe are also critical to good design. Last but certainly not least, what is your experience with Tech  events? I actually got my start in tech with  Tech Open Air  (TOA.life Editorial) in Berlin, Germany. I had a position as Special Advisor to the CEO/Founder  Niko LeWoi (aka Mr. TOA)  (great boss and mentor!). I started off doing research around tech policy issues for example driverless cars and then I ended up working on presentations about emerging tech ecosystems and finally working with the Program Team, Production Team and the Design Studio at TOA with projects and during the entire festival, I shadowed the CEO it was AMAZING! I also got to speak at  Pirate Summit  in Cologne, Germany. I spoke on two panels:  Getting More Women into Tech  and  The Future of European Tech Ecosystems:  London, Berlin, Paris. Pirate Summit (PIRATE.global) was such a unique and exhilarating experience; and I had A LOT of fun and learned so much from all the international presenters and attendees.

Startup Sesame Features Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Startup Sesame Features Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were resharing this post of featuring Jennifer Kanyamibwa MIA 16 and dual degree student, with the permission of Startup Sesame. Here at #SesameHQ, we believe in the potential for entrepreneurs to change the world, so we make sure our Sesamers are meeting the right people, at the right event at the right time. We’re proud to have an  international pool of mentors experts  helping us support our startups. Joining this group of #RockstarMentors, we’re excited to introduce you to Jennifer Kanyamibwa, Senior Design Program Manager for the Design and User Research Team at Twitter! Serendipitously, Jennifer and  Suzanne  first met in San Francisco during a visit to #SlackHQ, where Jennifer was previously working as Design Studio Manager. Check out our recent #MentorSpotlight interview with Jennifer  ?? Let’s start with a quick snapshot of your academic professional background; what path did you  take? I lived, worked and studied in New York City, Brussels, Berlin and San Francisco and hold a Master in International Affairs with a focus on Technology, Media Communications from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) and Master in Public Policy with a focus on Public Management from Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, Germany. Both my academic and professional experiences provided me with a global understanding of how technology works in every facet of human life. Tell us more about your experiences in government and finance and how they relate to  tech? Well, I started my career working in the New York City Mayor’s Office in the Bloomberg administration for the Deputy Mayor for Health and Human Services so all of New York Cities agencies and programs that have to do with public assistance, homelessness services, public hospitals as well as the research and evaluation components of understanding if programs were effective in serving the citizen of New York City etc…these were major programs with many challenges and opportunities and since it was the Bloomberg administration, I learned about the importance of using research and evaluation to solve problems and understand metrics?â€"?similar to many approaches used to understand users and metrics in technology. New York In terms of finance, I worked as a Global Project Manager at Bloomberg LP where I received my formal project management and operations skills. I managed global finance projects including an award-winning, year-long project where I led Engineering, RD and Global Payroll teams in São Paulo, Tokyo, Hong Kong, London and New York City in the design and implementation of a new global payroll system. After this project I had such a world of experience in (1) Working cross-functionally (2) Breaking down complex issues in order to achieve big results and (3) Understanding the global impact of improved technologies and the cultural competency needed to manage and inspire global team?â€"?-these are lessons I have brought to every job and tech since then. Whether it be the consultative work I did with Nike, my current board work as Ambassador Council member for International Crisis Group or even the academic work I did in grad school at Columbia University and the Hertie School of Government i n Berlin, Germany?â€"?these three lessons are my guiding lights. Since you are new to Twitter, what are some things you are looking to achieve with your  role? At Twitter, we (my manager and myself) are building up the Strategy and Operations arm of the Design and User Research Department. What this means is that as the Design and User Research Department scales, I am building out the processes and cultural components to ease collaboration and amplify effectiveness, not only across product disciplines, but also between the increasingly complex world of Product Design and User Research. We are the arm that does all the strategic and operational things to retain and find talent and to scale and buildout a world class design org at Twitter. It’s a very exciting role that combines my passions and expertise in design ops, program management, operations and strategy. Twitter Headquarters (SFO) What are some of your favorite books, magazines or podcasts that inform and/or relate to your  work? In terms of magazines, I love  Communication Arts  it’s an amazing publication that covers the best in graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration and interactive media. Its very creative and really inspiring. I also love the book  Designing Design  which is a great book on design thinking by Japanese graphic designer  Kenya Hara. My favorite design podcast is  Revison Path  which is a weekly showcase of the world’s leading Black creatives, graphic designers, web designers, product designers and web developers. My love for learning more about design was a direct result of working with extremely talented designers at Slack and Tech Open Air. Particularly  Angelica Mckinley,  Chris Reath,  Viet Huynh  (all based in the Bay Area and NYC)  Amit Barnea  and  John Michael (both based in Berlin) I am also super inspired by the cultural and artistic writing of  Antwaun Sargent  (who is a prominent art critic, prolific writer and a friend) his work is creative, passionate and forward thinking?â€"?all things I believe are also critical to good design. Last but certainly not least, what is your experience with Tech  events? I actually got my start in tech with  Tech Open Air  (TOA.life Editorial) in Berlin, Germany. I had a position as Special Advisor to the CEO/Founder  Niko LeWoi (aka Mr. TOA)  (great boss and mentor!). I started off doing research around tech policy issues for example driverless cars and then I ended up working on presentations about emerging tech ecosystems and finally working with the Program Team, Production Team and the Design Studio at TOA with projects and during the entire festival, I shadowed the CEO it was AMAZING! I also got to speak at  Pirate Summit  in Cologne, Germany. I spoke on two panels:  Getting More Women into Tech  and  The Future of European Tech Ecosystems:  London, Berlin, Paris. Pirate Summit (PIRATE.global) was such a unique and exhilarating experience; and I had A LOT of fun and learned so much from all the international presenters and attendees.

Comparison Between Frankenstein And Mary Shelley s...

The exclamation â€Å"that was an amazing book!† is usually never followed by â€Å"that was the best movie ever; it followed the storyline perfectly!† For some reason, only the book or movie is actually well put together, and it usually ends up being the book since it is how the author intended the story to be. All the changes that can occur tend to change the meaning of the story a little which is why the original is almost always better. There are many things that can be different between the original books and other representations; for example, a scene can be changed, the setting can be different, or an entire new story could be introduced. However, one major difference that tends to happen a lot is the adjustment of characters and their traits. This difference can be seen when comparing the creature in Mary Shelley’s original novel Frankenstein to multiple newer representations. The creature is portrayed differently in almost all illustrations; unfortunatel y, all modern representations of the creature tend to be wrong. The creature’s physical characteristics, intellectual abilities, morals, and actions are all drastically different when comparing modern representations to Shelley’s actual portrayal of the being, and these changes can ruin Shelley’s depiction of who the creature is on the inside. The first difference that is noticed between Shelley’s novel and other representations of the creature is his physical appearance. Most illustrations show the main characteristics of theShow MoreRelatedBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 Pages16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanity, leadingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Caleb Williams 1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn A.D Harvey’s article â€Å"Frankenstein and Caleb Williams,† he explains that Mary Shelley’s famous work, Frankenstein; was not intended to be of any actual scientific evidence, but rather written just only with the intention of a gothic horror piece â€Å"we will each write a ghost story† (Frankenstein Author’s introduction vii). Harvey’s target is to reach out to the science community and to sway them to look past the mechanics of how Frankenstein’s monster is created and focus on other points of interestRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus912 Words   |  4 Pagesrefer to Mary Shelley s masterpiece Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus as a starting point to drive the question: what it means to be human. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus suggests the possibility of reconstructing a broader approach towards scientific discovery by portraying the dangers of blindly pursuing scientific knowledge done so by the modern Prometheus that is Victor Frankenstein. Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein statesRead MoreA Comparison Of Frankendoodle And Frankenstein1199 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Frankendoodle† in Comparison to the Original text â€Å"Frankenstein† Frankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classicRead MoreMary Shelley ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof creation.† (Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the mode rn world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â€Å"steals† theRead MoreRomanticism In Frankenstein Essay740 Words   |  3 Pages Mariah McCoy Dr.Bardot His-102 16 June 2017 Historical Relevance Within Frankenstein Imagine a world without Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution,and Romanticism. Mary Shelley uses these topics in her novel to expose the effects that each of these had on society. Frankenstein is a novel that was published in the early 1800’s and tells a story about a man by the name of Victor Frankenstein. Technology and critical thinking skills plays a huge role in the novel and real life.By analyzingRead MoreFrankendoodle And Frankenstein1079 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic science fiction novel. In this essay I will consider the similaritiesRea d MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1589 Words   |  7 PagesExtended Response (Q2) - Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Rachel .Corrie The perspective, from which a story is told, causes an influential response from readers to certain issues, characters and conflicts that are found in literary texts. Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, Frankenstein, was published in 1818 and tells the story of a scientist known as Victor Frankenstein who reanimates life in an unethical science experiment. In this novel Walton, Victor and the creature tell their sideRead More A Comparison of Vistor Frankenstein and Henry Jekyll Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Vistor Frankenstein and Henry Jekyll Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are two horrific tales of science gone terribly wrong. Shelley?s novel eloquently tells the story of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who creates a living monster out of decomposed body parts, while Stevenson?s novel describes the account of one, Henry Jekyll, who creates a potion to bring out the pure evil side to himself. Although the two scientists differRead MoreFrankenstein Pursuit Of Knowledge Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pages Among the many themes explored in Mary Shelley s timeless classic â€Å"Frankenstein†, the one I find to be most relevant and the one that truly resonated with me was the dangers that stem from the pursuit of knowledge. This theme resonated with me for many reasons because, while the pursuit of knowledge has allowed humankind to exert and enjoy unparalleled and unprecedented power over the animal kingdom and the world itself, it’s a seemingly benign aspect of hu man nature that can paradoxically render

What Are Genetic Diversity - 995 Words

United States are a home to people from all over the world with different skin tones, languages, cultures, and features. The only way one can tell the difference between individuals are by their appearances. Since America is a diverse country, interracial marriage is a common thing. With interracial marriage being a common thing, babies with two more different genes is not surprising. Genetic diversity can improve the lifespan of a population and individuals and protect the body from foreign substances. What is genetic diversity? Genetic diversity is the different level of genes in an individual. Genetic diversity, in a population, is the population contains most of one or more alternative forms of a gene that mutate at the same place on†¦show more content†¦Within an individual, there is a duplicate genetic information from the mother and the father; it is the same type of information, but the forms may vary. However, when genetic diversity among individual within a group, it is different; every individual has their own genetic information. Every individual has their own genetic information because of the gene pool. Gene pool is the sum of the variances of an interbreeding population. Among a population, genetic diversity are different gene pools in a group of population. Different genetic information in a population is an advantage because it is the key to environment adaptation and local adaptation (NPS). In the United States, immigration plays an important role in genetic diversity. Data from 2014 from the Kaiser Family Foundation shows that there are 62.2 percent Non-Hispanic White, 12.4 percent Black or African American, 5.2 percent Asian, 2 percent two or more races. 0.7 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2 percent Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 17.4 percent Hispanics (may be of any race). Different ethnicity has different genetic information; therefore, everyone from different ethnicities look different. With different genetic information, every individual cope with the environment in America differently. Therefore, different mutations in genetics can help individuals in different environments (Tilman). Genetic information in America and other countries are different due to the

The Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia - 1085 Words

Benchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Euthanasia is most commonly known when used to put down an animal. What about using euthanasia on humans that wish to end their life due to medical reasons? According to Merriam-Webster’s online Dictionary, euthanasia is â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy† (n.d.). This practice is also known as assisted suicide. In the paper I will discuss the ethical issues of euthanasia, why some may think it is the answer, as well as the Christian perspective on euthanasia. Ethical Dilemma The scenario that I chose was a 17-year-old girl, Joni, who wants to end her life using euthanasia. She fractured her vertebrae when diving at Chesapeake Bay, which left her a quadriplegic. She has since become depressed and has suicidal thoughts. This scenario is difficult to determine an ethical decision because of her age as well as the impact it will make on the family. Being only 17 years old, she has not yet gone to college or even had the chance to accomplish her life goals. Two options that Joni could make can be to join a support group and find her new purpose in life or commit assisted suicide with euthanasia. If Joni chooses to live her new life she will struggle to learn how to live her daily life but it would only make her a stronger person and could even become a public speaker. If she chooses euthanasiaShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia An incredibly controversial issue clouds the minds of millions of people everyday as death confronts them. The problem revolves around the ethics of euthanasia. Should medical assisted suicide be outlawed in all situations or under certain circumstances, could it be considered ethical? Do humans violate nature’s course with science and advanced technology by playing God? Why should doctors and families witness their loved ones suffer when the solutionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1493 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma: Euthanasia Euthanasia has always been a common topic especially a debatable one talking about allowing patients who are suffering from any incurable disease or condition or even in an irreversible coma to choose to end their live on their own terms painlessly. The following will discuss a specific case and analyzed using the Christian worldview. Since the moral debate of euthanasia is such a topic of controversy, potential solutions towards the issue, and how such solutions can beRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesto put many peoples situations into context when it comes to the debate of euthanasia or assisted suicide. The ethical dilemma in this case is that of Lecretia Seales request to die of assisted suicide in 2015. This deals with a current issue not only as Seales’ appeal to the New Zealand high courts for law change in relation to criminal law declarations which was placed last year but also as the debate on whether euthanasia should be legal in New Zealand, which has been thrown back and forth in parliamentRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pagessuffering and extreme pain her patients endure on the daily. In this paper we will discuss the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and how it affects the nursing profession, along with the moral issues pertaining to the dilemma. What is the Ethical Dilemma? (Tirsit) Before passing moral judgment on this issue it is imperative that the true definition of euthanasia is stated to shine clarity on the matter. Euthanasia is formally defined as the administration of drugs to a patient with the precise intentionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1136 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Ethical Dilemmas The world is a place full of black and white along with so much gray. Many people who have heated debates usually have them on topics related to ethical dilemmas that range from abortion to politics to religion. No one ever agrees on everything all of the time which can leave a lot of issues unresolved or ignored. Most of the time a person and their worldview determines what they consider is an ethical choice. This paper will cover the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and howRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1764 Words   |  8 PagesBenchmark – Ethical Dilemmas The issue of euthanasia is a dispute that has been around since the late 1800’s (Dowbiggin,2003). The act of euthanasia or mercy killing is a debated ethical dilemma that some believe to be morally wrong. While circumstances can differentiate a person’s justification, there is always another perspective to consider where euthanasia is involved. In my paper I will dive into Case Study 2, which deals with the discussion of euthanasia according to the Christian worldviewRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay2007 Words   |  9 Pagesthe literature currently available on the ethical dilemmas of euthanasia and PAS that have arisen in Canada since its legalization. This Literature Review is organized into six sub-categories: (1) the law (2) medical issues (3) patient capacity and autonomy (4) expenditures: palliative care vs. assisted suicide (5) family (6) ethics. This review will offer a foundational understanding of the practices of euthanasia and PAS and defi ning the various dilemmas that have arisen for medical professionalsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto consider the serious ethical dilemma of voluntary euthanasia. Is euthanasia murder or a justifiable suicide? Our approach and opinions to this sensitive ethical dilemma is sharply contrasted based in our convictions and ethics derived from our own personal worldview. I will evaluate and examine euthanasia’s ethical dilemma according to my Christian worldview and compare the moral rules, right or wrong, that many believe, allowing man to suffer is immoral. Ethical Dilemma Joni is a young adult whoRead MoreEuthanasia: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1810 Words   |  8 PagesThe ethical debate regarding euthanasia dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was the Hippocratic School (c. 400B.C.) that eliminated the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmas – such as, is it ethical for a doctor to assist a terminally ill patient in ending his life? Under what circumstances, if any, is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate for a doctor? More so, euthanasia raises the argument of the different

Impact Of Immigration Detention On Children - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuiss about the Impact Of Immigration Detention On Children. Answer: Introduction In many developed countries Like Australia and UK, a policy of Immigrant detention is prevalent which includes detention of individual who are suspected of illegal entry, visa violations or unauthorized arrival. Those individuals are detained for a prolonged amount of time until the immigration authorities decide to grant visa and release them to their respective community. In this report, various issues related to detention of children and possible ways to solve the issues with the help of Catholic Social Teaching principles has been discussed. Considering the fact that detention or confinement for a prolonged amount of time does hinders both the psychological and physical development of a child, it has been concluded that detention of children should be irradiated. Issues of Children in Detention: There are a vast majority of students that are subjected to the detention centers of the Australia and almost the 90 % of the students that are in the detention centers are the refugees seeking care in the detention centers. These children are retained in the refugee detention centers until they have been claim of refuge, and hence are subjected to the suffering of living conditions that are specifically below the normal standards. According to the recent statistics shared by the immigrant maternal and child health convention of Australia, the detention centers have a significant detrimental impact on the physical and psychological health and wellbeing of the residents. Along with that, in many of the reports it has been also been stated that the traumatic experiences faced by the children in the detention centers are the major reason behind the residual distress on their mental sanity (Massaro, 2015). According to the most of the research, the hardships driven environment of the detention centers and the below standards living conditions also facilitate psychological disorders like anxiety, depression, withdrawal symptoms, and self- destructive disorders. On a more elaborative note, the statistics state that among the children living in the detention centers, 77% have been reported to be dealing with symptoms of anxiety, 86% have been reported to be dealing with depression and most alarmingly, almost half of the detention center resident children have been reported to show early symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder. The most important fact is the lack of basic resources and necessary treatment for the children, it has been reported frequently that the detention center resident refugee children are going through varied levels of malnutrition, and eventually they go through developmental disorders and various other complications. Elaborating more on the treatment needs that these children are denied, many of the detention stuck children have been reported with vision disabilities, speech disabilities, and lack of self stimulation in the detention centers (Jureidini Burnside, 2011). Coming to the abuse and neglect, many of the authors have stated that the children in detention have developed the physical and mental distresses not just due to the lack of basic resources. The trauma of the abuse and neglect that the children face in the detention centers impart a severe negative impact that retains even after the years of stay in the detention centers are passed. Hence, it can be safely concluded that the experience of the stay in the detention centers impart an effect that alters the developmental progress of the children and the chance of leading a healthy life, hence there is need for interventions on a massive scale (Coffey et al., 2010). Recommendations to solve the issues: It has to be mentioned that the rate of children living in the detention centres in Australia is higher than any other country due to the long- standing practice of Australia of detaining the children in that enter the Australian ground by the means of unauthorized access. However, despite the reforms and policies attempting to improve the living conditions of children in the detention centres, still the lack of basic resources like food, treatment, psychological aid and even the lack of parental support affect the children, their overall health and developmental pace. The lack of proper nutrition and resources contribute to the extreme lack of sense safety and security in the children that live in the detention centres, the basic integrity of living is hampered of the children (Brown et al., 2013). According to the principles of the catholic social teaching or CST, there are four key pillars, human dignity, the common good, solidarity and subsidiarity. The principle of human dignity states that the sacredness of human life can only be respected when each and every individual has the right to inherent dignity and worth in the living. And on the other hand, the principles of common good states that each individual of the community or group holds equal responsibility for the welfare for the others, and every individual is expected to advocate for the rights and needs for all the members of the community and the society in general. Now it can be mentioned in this context that in case of the children in the detention centers these two basic principles of catholic social thought has been violated significantly as the children are neither living with dignity nor have any decisive abilities over their living conditions. As recommendations, the first and foremost action that needs to be taken includes protecting the basic human rights of this children; and a few steps have already been taken by the Australian immigration control centre and the Australian catholic social justice council. The basic reform needs that have been identified include the need for ending the mandatory detention of any children with unauthorized access, the proposed alternative supportive policies will focus on fostering out these children as early as possible so that the children need to spend as little time as possible in the detention centre environment (Hodes, 2010). However, it has to be mentioned that there is need for better advocating the various needs of such children. For instance, three of the very basic needs that have been identified for such children is the lack of basic resources like food, treatment and support, educational needs and along with the physical and mental abuse coupled with the neglect that these children are facing (Kronick, Rousseau Cleveland, 2011). There is need for human rights agencies and communities to come forward and advocate the need for better nutrition and food resources for the children. Along with that, the children stuck in the coastal detention centres of Australia rarely get any modes of education for themselves and have no clear idea regarding their own civil rights. Hence, there is need for educational seminars and workshops arranged for these children so that they can get the chance to understand their own rights and can therefore fight for these rights. Lastly, according to the principles of the CST , each human being has a right to a dignified existence, and the physical and mental abuses to the children in the detention centres violate the basic human dignity effectively (Barrett Baker, 2012). Another recommendation that can put an end to the abuse is a little infrastructure up- gradation of the detention homes for enhancing safety of children and other residents. Such as surveillance, system and cameras in the detention centres can monitor the living condition of the children and can reduce the consequences of abuse. Lastly the need for community action is extremely important, only government action without active not for profit community engagement would not be able to improve the present predicament. In addition, it can be hoped that with active advocacy from the community itself for the rights of the these children, the situation can be improved (Farmer, 2013). Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that since child detention is imposing hazardous and long-term effect on children, this practice should be stopped as soon as possible. Effective measures should be taken to improve the lives of children who are residing in the detention centers. People should be educated about the evil effects of child detention and thus promotion of common good should be done with the association of CST. Effective measures should be taken to irradiate the suffering of children who are being detained for a prolonged amount of time without any proper reason. Considering the negative effect of child detention, the government should impose new policies to irradiate this practice and implement an alternative way, which will serve the common good. Reference List Barrett, M. S., Baker, J. S. (2012). Developing learning identities in and through music: A case study of the outcomes of a music programme in an Australian juvenile detention centre.International Journal of Music Education,30(3), 244-259. Brown, H. E., Pearson, N., Braithwaite, R. E., Brown, W. J., Biddle, S. J. (2013). Physical activity interventions and depression in children and adolescents.Sports medicine,43(3), 195-206. Coffey, G. J., Kaplan, I., Sampson, R. C., Tucci, M. M. (2010). The meaning and mental health consequences of long-term immigration detention for people seeking asylum.Social science medicine,70(12), 2070-2079. Farmer, A. (2013). The impact of immigration detention on children.Forced Migration Review, (44), 14. Heyer, K. E. (2012). Reframing Displacement and Membership: Ethics of Migration.Theological Studies,73(1), 188-206. Hodes, M. (2010). The mental health of detained asylum seeking children.European child adolescent psychiatry,19(7), 621-623. Isaacs, D. (2015). Nauru and detention of children.Journal of paediatrics and child health,51(4), 353-354. Jureidini, J., Burnside, J. (2011). Children in immigration detention: a case of reckless mistreatment.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,35(4), 304-306. Kronick, R., Rousseau, C., Cleveland, J. (2011). Mandatory detention of refugee children: A public health issue?.Paediatrics child health,16(8), e65-e67. Massaro, T. (2015).Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield.

Essay Examples on Freud Essay Example

Essay Examples on Freud Paper 1st Essay Sample on Freud PSYCHOANALYSIS, as described by Sigmund Freud entails a perspective of understanding an individual’s personality as a sum total of interaction between id, ego and superego. These entities form the psyche of a person, and explain the motive and reasons for behavior, character and response to issues of daily encounter.Id is the primary instinctive traits of the individual without consciousness of reality; it lies in the unconscious and seeks the goal of self-gratification. Ego is censor to the Id which develops from it, as the child grows; it creates the awareness of an existing world wherein there has to be parity between immediate gratification and realities for establishment of balance. When Id clashes with Id, neurosis may result. The highest state is the Superego; it is the conscience; and also it is unconscious.The principle established By Freud states that there an individual’s personality results from interaction between these forces. This implies that the mental function of a person is the outcome of the degree of continuous interaction amongst these inherent agents. 2nd Essay Sample on Freud A persons natural instinct is driven by the pleasure principle.That is, the drive for immediate satisfaction, more specifically sex, food, and aggression.However, this is often looked down upon by society.If people are open about their sex life or their sexual desires, they are often thought of as perverted or obscene.The food that people eat is often controlled by what is considered healthy by society.People count calories and fat, and often end up eating something other than what they are really craving.They will substitute a carrot stick for a candy bar, but even after eating the substitute food, often still have their original desire for something sweet.Eating junk food is looked at as unhealthy and bad for a person.If a person gets into a physical fight with another person, many times they are taken to jail.Most people do not confront their anger, they simply keep it inside.Sometimes, they can vent it at a gym or by doing physical activity, but if they were to suddenly break ou t, they would likely be punished for it.An example that was given that also could let people release their desires is the game of football.The violence that is involved sort of allows the viewers to get rid of some of their own pent up frustrations.A persons inner most desires are suppressed every day. All of these suppressed desires all must end up somewhere.Many times, individuals will keep it inside of them and repressed the memories and desires to whatever extent they can.The memories are buried deep within a persons unconscious and they make many efforts to forget about them by using screen memories, or fake memories which block out their painful ones.However, these suppressed memories still affect people greatly.These memories, good or bad, often are revealed through a persons dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Freud specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Freud specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Freud specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Architecture Made Famous by Americas Presidents

Architecture Made Famous by Americas Presidents Remember the phrase George Washington slept here? Ever since the founding of the country, Presidents of the United States made otherwise ordinary places famous.   1. Presidents Homes All US Presidents are associated with the White House in Washington, DC. Even George Washington, who never lived there, oversaw its construction. In addition to this common residence, all US Presidents are associated with personal residences. George Washingtons Mount Vernon, Thomas Jeffersons Monticello, and Abraham Lincolns home in Springfield are all good examples. Then there are all the childhood homes and birthplaces of our presidents. Of course, nobody knows who will become president, so many of these early homes were torn down before they became part of history. Surprisingly, the first president to be born in a hospital, instead of a home, was President Jimmy Carter, our 39th president. 2. Presidential Retreats Have you ever noticed how the presidency ages the person in office? Its a stressful job, and the president must make time for rest and relaxation. Since 1942, the country has provided Camp David as a get-away for the presidents exclusive use. Located in the Maryland mountains, the compound was a 1930s project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a Depression-era New Deal program. But Camp David is not enough. Every president has had a retreat- some have had both summer and winter White Houses. Lincoln used the Cottage at the Soldiers Home, now known as Lincolns Cottage. President Kennedy always had the family compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. George Herbert Walker Bush went to Walkers Point in Kennebunkport, Maine. Nixon had a little concrete block ranch house in  Key Biscayne, Florida, and Truman set up shop at the Little White House in Key West, Florida. All presidents are welcome to use Sunnylands, once a private residence, in  Rancho Mirage, California. All too often, presidential retreats like Sunnylands and Camp David have also been used to meet with foreign leaders in a less formal setting. Remember the Camp David Accords of 1978? 3. Sites of Presidential Events All presidential events dont happen in Washington, DC.   Bretton Woods, a gorgeous hotel in the mountains of New Hampshire, was the site of an international agreement after World War II. Similarly, President Woodrow Wilson traveled to the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France, to sign the treaty that ended World War I. These two places are historic landmarks for what happened there. Todays presidents campaign, debate, and rally constituents all across the United States- in town halls and convention halls.   Presidential events are not DC-centric- even the site where George Washington took the oath of office in 1789 was in Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City. 4. Monuments to Presidents Any community can memorialize a favorite son, but Washington, DC is the main setting for the nations monuments. The Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Monument, and the Jefferson Memorial may be the most famous in DC, but Mount Rushmore in South Dakota may be the most iconic presidential tribute carved in stone. 5. Presidential Libraries and Museums Who owns a public servants papers? has been a question hotly debated- and legislated. Presidential Libraries did not come into existence until the 20th century, and today raw, archival information, along with the massaging of the presidential message, are combined in buildings like the Bush Library in College Station, Texas and the other Bush Library in Dallas. We take special note of these historic buildings, monuments, and research centers, and await the conflicts that will, no doubt, surround the next presidential library building. It seems to happen every time. A Sense of Place Most of us will never become president, but we all have a sense of place in our lives.  To find your special places, answering these five questions: HOME: Where were you born? Not only the city and state, but have you gone back to see the building? What does it look like? Describe your childhood home.RETREAT: Where do you go to relax and find peace? What is your favorite vacation place?EVENT: Where was your graduation ceremony? Where was your first kiss? Did you ever have to speak to a large group of people? Where were you when you won an important prize?MONUMENT: Do you have a trophy case? Will you have a gravestone? Have you ever built a monument to memorialize someone else? Should monuments even exist?ARCHIVES: Chances are that all of the papers in your life will not be kept forever, because there is no legal requirement to do so. But what about your digital trail? What have you left behind, and where is it?   Fun With Presidents Places George Washington Slept Here starring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan, DVD, 1942 movie directed by William Keighley, based on a play by Moss Hart and George S. KaufmanLEGO Architecture Series: The White House

Biomasses energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biomasses energy - Assignment Example Hence, there is increased release of carbon to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the reliance of biomass such as cutting whole tree will lead to a reduced intake of carbon. Most of the biomass is generally received from the forest (Greene and Lyutse 1). Forest is said to play a significant role as carbon sinks. It absorbs large amount of carbon that protects from global warming. Hence, cutting trees as a source of biomass will mean reduced carbon sink and hence more amount of carbon will not be absorbed. The Kaya concept is an equation used to determine the rate of carbon dioxide release to the environment based on the economic activity of nay given country. The rate of energy use of the country is shown to have a strong link to carbon intensity of that energy use (FREE 1). As most of the countries join the league of emerging economies, it is expected that there will be an increased emissions of products the most significant being carbon dioxide. This is because an increased out put per capita is expected to occur over an increased use of energy. Because of the increase, the concept makes various suggestions to the emerging economies. One of the significant suggestions is for these countries to engage in ways of reducing energy intensity. One alternative for the countries is to adopt increased efficiency in energy use. The other suggestion is to change consumer behavior when it comes to energy use. The changes are said to be real through adoption of ‘green energy’ in th e future. The wood industry is a legitimate player in biofuels due to its heavy carbon content. First, the wood industry has more reliable energy in the name of biopower as compared to other sources of energy that have been heavily used in the past (Union of Concerned Scientist(UCS) 1). The energy is beneficial to society once it is used in a sustainable way. The use of this form of power in a sustainable way means that

XYZ (Pvt) Ltd Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

XYZ (Pvt) Ltd Case Study - Essay Example According to the company’s view, there are many basic aspects to be referred and people to be approached before the actual proceedings begin. At this juncture, the management can be advised by every aspect that they see the name and the knowhow are protected from being used by others. Since the scope of the scope of the product is promising and profitable in the long run and also while considering its unprecedented features, there seems every chance of this product getting a hit on the sales chart shortly. Taking into account all the possible features and benefits of getting the brand name and the patent registered, there needs a detailed study in this regard while it is strongly recommended that the company go with legal validation of their legally entitled right over this particular piece of intellectual property of Mr. Aimee. The finding Trademark registration and patent authorization come under way to defend the strength of the original makers of any product involving the investment of intellectual components. The very fact that the commercial world today has gained a saleable value for almost every human effort much to the relief of creative art lying in scientific development. A performer with a commercial intent, an artist with a monitory objective, or an organizer or producer of such events all come under the stakeholders of this wide web of intellectual property rights. In the absence of this right or the laws that enforce it and secure the creative achievers, the word business would not have its face today. According to certain clear information, patent of ownership of the intellectual property and its use can be protected by...In such cases, the need for obtaining registered identity recognition becomes essential for the safety of the developer’s innovative ideas. Conclusion While considering the commercial value of the new product and its innovative effect in a trend setting sales acquisition potential, the stand of the company at the moment is to be diverted and the management needs to be encouraged to file the application for the registration proceedings. When the details of studies on the importance of intellectual property registration as well as the trademark registration from both business and corporate social responsibility angle, the company is bound to ensure that their product is not misconceived by the people in the future course of business. It is also recommended that M/s XYZ endorse with the legal protection of its software in order to boost the morale and dedication of employees of all business where they feel their enterprising skills are recognized and preserved by the owners. Above everything, the little strain the company will have to take during the registration process can prove worthwhile once the product gets a spot in the hit cha rt of software sales.

Loss of Top Predators in the Ocean

Loss of Top Predators in the Ocean It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the sign of deterioration within the population dynamics of marine apex predators. Sharks, mammals, and large teleost fish amongst others species, play a critical role in maintaining a stable and balanced marine ecosystem by regulating species abundance, diversity, and distribution (Stier et al., 2016). Recently, researchers have shown an interest in the increasing densities of medium size predators known as the mesopredators due to rapid decline in apex predators (Brook et al., 2008). However, these rapid changes are having a serious adverse effect on the marine community, thereby leading to a top-down trophic cascade due to the removal of a top predator (Shackell et al., 2010). To be more specific, the loss of top predators affects the aquatic community on a number of levels: trophic, behavioral, and populations. This essay will provide an overview and highlight the importance of top predators in marine ecosystem as well as change in trophic levels and behavioral patterns that affect the aquatic food web. Apex predators have been victim to human imposed activities such as overexploitation through fishing industries, habitats destruction, introduction of invasive species and increased anthropogenic pollutants creating unfavorable conditions to thrive (Madin et al., 2016). The major impact relating to loss of top predators manifests in the trophic aspect following in a close correlation between the decline of the predators and preys (Baum and Worm, 2009). Extensive research indicates that the existences of the invasive species has a negative contribution towards the top predators (De Poorter et al., 2010). For example, in 1980s the comb jelly fish (Ctenophora) originally from North America was introduced in the black sea, which lead to a dramatic alteration within the food chain, thus releasing toxin causing the death a total of 14 humpback whales (De Poorter et al., 2010). On the other hand, overfishing across the globe has led to 90% decrease in large shark biomass regionally (Heupel et al., 2014). Due to the decline of larger sharks it has led to the inflexion of a particular ray species which diet constitute about 70% of scallops thus contributed towards the drop of scallop fishery causing ecological and economic losses in the North Atlantic Ocean (Ferretti et al., 2010) (Grubbs et al., 2013). For instance, a research conducted on the U.S eastern seaboard indicates that a decrease in 11 types of large sharks results in the additio n of 12 to 14 small mesoconsumers (Madin et al., 2016). Additionally, a decline in catch rates of 13 large pelagic predators results in an upsurge catch of pelagic stingrays and other small animals (Madin et al., 2016). Furthermore, studies showed that decline in the Canadian cod (Gadus morhua), led to the upsurge in the number of small pelagic and marine invertebrates. As a result, this has led to the cascading alterations in the copepod in addition to the phytoplankton communities (Araà ºjo and Bundy, 2012). Studies have also shown that shifts in the diet by destroyer whales, which move along the Aleutian island have resulted from a reduction in the number of sea otters present in the island. In effect, urchins are released from the predations thereby causing the reduction of kelp forest due to their overgrazing (Heithaus et al., 2008). Therefore, it is evident that there is a close connection between the decline of the predators and the prey in the ecosystems. Another aspect that should be closely examined is the behavioral one. The scholars believe that aquatic life uses the behavioral responses to different risk in efforts to avoid encountering predators. For instance, dolphins and other animals forage in productive shallow seagrass during a time when the number of sharks is reduced. However, they move to less industrious but harmless surroundings when the population of sharks in the ecosystem is high (Griffin et al., 2008). Additionally, when top predator disappear the mesoconsumer population increases and may shift their behavior in foraging pattern, which affect the ecosystem. For instance, shark and killer whale help maintain the seal population but due to loss in numbers the fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) in New Zealand thrives causing the temperate reef fish (morwong Chelilodactulus nigripes) to reduce foraging effort, leading to reduced grazing on turf algae (Heithaus et al., 2008). The impacts of behavior response to predation risks among the prey may include experiencing energetic cost and the lack of adequate utilization of resources (Langerhans, 2007). As such, their growth and reproductive outputs are limited in the ecosystems by the predation risks (Abdulla, 2004). In other cases, the risks of tiger sharks limit the number of prey and activate trophic cascades. Tiger sharks ultimately decrease browsing on the sea grasses in risky places but escalating in harmless environments that are portrayed in longitudinal processes of seagrass nutritional components (Griffin et al., 2008). Having examined all the points, that were mentioned in the paragraphs above, one is able to come to the following conclusion: top predators are important as they regulate the species abundance, diversity, and distribution that contribute to a healthy marine ecosystem. The significance of the risk effects as well as individual predator species depends on the community diversity, habitat heterogeneity, life history features of mesoconsumers and predators. A decrease in the predator diversity in some occasions leads to positive impacts on the mesoconsumers (Baum and Worm, 2009). The comparative impacts of specific predator type elimination can decrease per an upsurge in variety, which relies on the pursuing strategies utilized by the alienated slayers in the population. The environmental structures have an influence on the ecological effects of top predators declines as well as the relative strengths of risk effects. Furthermore, the decreased number of predators results in the increase d prey populations and other adverse effects such as shifting coral reefs to algae dominated habitats, a decline of seagrass among others. Resent research states the predators play a major role in carbon cycling within the ocean (Atwood et al., 2015). Therefore, there is the need to protect these predators from future declines through establishing some effective strategies. The strategies may include decreasing the demand for shark products, reducing the number of top predators reared for commercial fisheries and ensuring improved management. References Abdulla, A., 2004. Predator-prey interactions in coral reef fish: The implications of Predation risk on the behavior and growth of prey (Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University). Atwood, T.B., Connolly, R.M., Ritchie, E.G., Lovelock, C.E., Heithaus, M.R., Hays, G.C., Fourgurean, J.W and Macreadie, P.I., 2015. Predators help protect carbon stocks in blue carbon ecosystem. Nature Climate Change, 5(12), pp. 1038-1045. Araujo, J.N. and Bundy, A., 2012. Effects of environmental change, fisheries and trophodynamics on the ecosystem of the western Scotian Shelf, Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 464, pp.51-67. Baum, J.K. and Worm, B., 2009. Cascading top down effects of changing oceanic predator abundances. Journal of Animal Ecology, 78(4), pp.699-714. Bourdaud, P., Gascuel, D., Bentorcha, A. and BrindAmour, A., 2016. New trophic indicators and target values for an ecosystem-based management of fisheries. Ecological Indicators, 61, pp.588-601. De Poorter, M., Darby, C. and MacKay, J., 2010. Marine Menace. Alien invasive species in the marine environment, IUCN. Edwards, H., 2016. When Predators Become Prey: The Need For International Shark Conservation. Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, 12(2), p.5. Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G.L., Heithaus, M.R. and Lotze, H.K., 2010. Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean. Ecology letters, 13(8), pp.1055-1071. Griffin, E., Miller, K., Freitas, B. and Hirshfield, M., 2008. Oceana: Predators as Prey: Why Healthy Oceans Need Sharks. Grubbs, R.D., Carlson, J.K., Romine, J.G., Curtis, T. and McElroy, D., 2013. Save the bay, eat a ray: a purported trophic cascade mediated by declines in large shark populations and the consequences of applying simplistic models to complex ecosystems. Conference abstract. In 141st American Fisheries Society meeting. American Fisheries Society, CITY, Maryland. Abstract_Book_ (pp. 9-20). Heithaus, M.R., Frid, A., Wirsing, A.J. and Worm, B., 2008. Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines. Trends in Ecology Evolution, 23(4), pp.202-210 Heupel, M.R., Knip, D.M., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Dulvy, N.K., 2014. Sizing up the ecological role of sharks as predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495, pp.291-298. Langerhans, B.R., 2007. Evolutionary consequences of predation: avoidance, escape, reproduction, and diversification. In Predation in Organisms. Springer Nature, pp. 177-220. Madin, E.M., Dill, L.M., Ridlon, A.D., Heithaus, M.R. and Warner, R.R., 2016. Human activities change marine ecosystems by altering predation risk. Global change biology, 22(1), pp.44-60. Myers, R.A., Baum, J.K., Shepherd, T.D., Powers, S.P. and Peterson, C.H., 2007. Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean. Science, 315(5820), pp.1846-1850. Shackell, N.L., Frank, K.T., Fisher, J.A.D., Petrie, B. and Leggett, W.C. 2010. Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1686), pp. 1353-1360. Stier, A.C., Samhouri, J.F., Novak, M., Marshall, K.N., Ward, E.J., Holt, R.D. and Levin, P.S. 2016. Ecosystem context and historical contingency in apex predator recoveries, 2(5). Thomsen, S.K. and Green, D.J., 2016. Cascading effects of predation risk determine how marine predators become terrestrial prey on an oceanic island. Ecology, 97(12), pp.3530-3537.

Absinthe - One Verdant Drink Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pape

Absinthe - One Verdant Drink What inspires artistic genius? Some proclaim God, others beauty, many believe instanity, and a few say†¦.mind altering drinks. One cannot but notice the companionship of alchohol with music, literature, and poetry. During the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Absinthe was the beverage of choice for many prominent artists, and was at the center of the lives of such famous minds as Degas, Manet, Gauguin, and Poe. Le Feà © Verte (its pseudonym, meaning green fairy) while immensly popular at one point, was prohibited because of its dangerous side effects and â€Å"immoral† connotations. However, its sudden come back in Europe and the U.S. has only reaffirmed its symbol as a drink for artistic revolution and just plain drunkeness. The history of Absinthe saw its beginning as a medicinal herb and a transition into a popular drink. Hippocrates perscribed soaked wormwood to his patients for rheumatism and menstrual pain. However,in the sixteenth century, Dr. Pierre Ordinaire distilled Wormwood to its liquid form and what we now know as Absinthe. In 1797, Henry-Pernod was the first person to manufacture and distribute the drink to cafes across France. By the nineteenth century, Absinthe became madly popular in continental european night life. Val-de-Traviers in Switzerland and Pontarlier in France were manufacturing powerhouses of La Feà © Verte. Among the Bohemian community, artists such as Van Gogh and Manet were known for making it the subject of their art and imbibing it in large quantities. Ernest Hemingway, an Absinthe connesieur, explained that â€Å"One cap of it took the place of the evening of papers, of all old evenings in cafes, of all chestnut trees th... ...utionary Bohemian artists back at the turn of century . Art and substance are sometimes concomitant. One verdant drink, Absinthe, is a landmark to an era long passed among the modern age’s most brilliant artistic minds. Although originally used for medicinal treatment, it was consumed ravenously by such famous individuals such as Hemingway, Van Gogh, Degas in Parisian cafes. However, the rise of the prohibitionist movement and fear of its narcotic effects led to its ban across western Europe in 1915. Nevertheless, its resurging popularity stands as a testament to a yearning of the radicalism and change at the turn of the century. Works Cited 1. Informative Site on Absinthe, http://www.sepulchritude.com/chapelperilous/absinthe/absinthe.html 2. Drug Library, The Vaults of Erowid, http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/absinthe/absinthe.shtml

High Concept Films

According to Justin Wyatt the high concept film is valued by some in the film industry and derided by others. He states, ‘Whereas creative executives such as Katzenberg would stress the originality of a high concept idea, media critics would suggest that high concept actually represents the zero point of creativity’. Discuss the validity of both points of view with reference to Terminator 2: Judgment Day (James Cameron, 1991) and one other film. The high concept film represents the economically invested interests of Hollywood, as the high concept film is produced to be highly marketable.With Hollywood simply being a profit seeking business, the high concept film provided an assurance of box office revenue in a time when the industry was in decline. It can be argued that this change in filmmaking merely altered the style of Hollywood films, allowing film makers to thrive conceptually in simpler narratives. Conversely, it can also be argued that this resulted in the produc tion of creatively bankrupt films, where the importance of marketability far outweighs that of creativity, originality and complexity.This essay will argue both sides of this debate with reference to Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Cameron, 1991) and Jaws (Spielberg, 1975). James Cameron's Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) is an example of a director exploring complex conceptual meaning beyond the simple high concept narrative. Whereas Steven Spielberg's Jaws (1975) is an example whereby the simplicity of a high concept film not only limits creative exploration, but also breeds consecutive similar films such as sequels and remakes.High concept filmmaking emerged from a post-WWII America, where Hollywood studios were struggling to produce a product that would re-energise decreasing profits. The 1948 Paramount case saw the Supreme court decide that the Big Five Hollywood studios were monopolizing the film industry (Balio 1990, p. 5). This decree was concluded on the basis that the Big Fiv e (Paramount, Warner Bros. , MGM, Twentieth Century Fox, and RKO) owned studios, worldwide distribution, and controlled theatre chains; therefore monopolizing the production, distribution and exhibition of the industry (Balio 1990, p. ). This verdict saw the studios separated from exhibition as not only was block booking and unfair film distribution condemned, but the Big Five also had to divorce their theatre chains (Balio 1990, p. 5). The paramount decree in conjunction with the raising middleclass, suburbanisation, and the domestication of the television, saw Hollywood profits drop significantly. Where middle-class Americans may have had more time and money, this was predominantly spent on domesticated items and vacations (Balio 1990, p. ). In addition, the move to the suburbs had audiences drawn away from city theatres and instead take to watching television more conveniently (Balio 1990, p. 3). As a result movie attendance halved, and thousands of theatres were closed down (Bal io 1990, p. 3). It therefore becomes clear that Hollywood needed products that would return profits to the industry. Where Hollywood was struggling to survive in a diminishing industry, it also had to compete with rivalling television entertainment.This caused for Hollywood to differentiate its product and furthermore encouraged collaboration with the new entertainment medium, which consequently bread the high concept film. Hollywood differentiated it's product technologically for the most part, through gimmicks such as 3D experimentation, different widescreen technologies, and colour film (Balio 1990, p. 24). During the 50's, colour films were being produced as a superior product to black and white television; however the novelty quickly wore off (Balio 1990, p. 24).Widescreen and 3D techniques were also explored with technology such as Naturescope, Panavision, and CinemaScope; again these brought audiences back to the cinema, however they were no more than temporary attempts (Bali o 1990, p. 26-28). It became evident that specific demographics had to be targeted – much like television does – in order to market films successfully to audiences (Balio 1990, p. 28). This saw a collaboration between film and television as old films were aired on television to fill time slots; Hollywood generated revenue through telefilm production; and foremost, film marketing had access to television (Balio 1990, p. 8,31-32). This consequently bread the high concept film, as a film had to be sold in a single sentence when restricted to a short TV ad slot; thus associating the term with marketable plots (Wyatt 1994, p. 8). It's reasonable to believe that high concept films were therefore â€Å"designed to be sold† (Wyatt 1994, p. 14). With the term high concept unarguably associated with films that Hollywood favour in return of predictable commercial success, there's no doubt that they're heavily influenced by marketing and merchandising integration (Wyatt 199 4, p. 7).This creates a style of filmmaking that has an emphasis on star personas, fashionable subject matter, presold premise, and the ability to be pitched (Wyatt 1994, p. 12). The pitch is generally a single sentence summary of a film, which will at first sell the film to studios, and secondly it will create the marketing hook that catches the attention of audiences during ad campaigns (Wyatt 1994, p. 8). This influences the narratives of high concept films as they're sculpted to be pitched. Wyatt notes that this produces an idea that is â€Å"very straightforward, easily communicated, and easily comprehended† (1994, p. ). Many films value this simple narrative approach, such with Snakes on a Plane (2006) being a film simply about snakes on a plane; American Gangster (2007) is about Frank Lucas and the gangster culture during the 1970's; Star Wars (1977) is about epic intergalactic space battles. The use of stars also become prominent in the high concept film, as stars not only attract audiences, but they can also be attached to specific star personas, both of which favour marketing (Wyatt 1994, p. 10). For example John Wayne or Clint Eastwood in a western film is instantly recognizable.Fashionable subject matter involves cashing in on what's popular culture, such as the recent string of alien films. These include Cloverfield (2008), District 9 (2009), Battle L. A (2011), Skyline (2010), Cowboys and Aliens(2011) and Predators (2010) to name a few. Pre sold premise is the production of films that are already successful and have pre established audiences, which Wyatt suggests is limiting new ideas, â€Å"relying heavily upon the replication and combination of previously successful narratives† (1994, p. 3). This is most evident in the abundance of comic book adaptations over the years – mostly superhero films – such as Batman (1989) and Batman Begins (2005), or Superman (1978) and Superman Returns (2006). It's therefore clear that t he marketing and commercial aspect of high concept filmmaking influences the narrative and style of films produced in Hollywood. This can foremost be seen as an indictment of Hollywood, as creativity is no doubt limited when favouring those films that are adaptations, sequels or remakes.The film Jaws (1975) is no doubt a high concept film, as the attributes of the pitch, stars and pre sold premise are evident in its production. The film has the simplicity of a high concept narrative, possibly pitched as ‘giant shark attacks swimmers'. For example the pitch used in the trailer was â€Å"Jaws. See it before you go swimming† (Jaws 1975). Therefore the pitch would have sold the concept of the film to studios, and also been used in the marketing for the film. Furthermore, the film starred Richard Dreyfuss, Roy Scheider and Robert Shaw, each of which were prominent film and television actors that were featured in the Jaws trailer.However, the fact that Jaws (1975) was a preso ld premise would have been the primary studio attraction to the film. With Peter Benchley's novel Jaws a bestseller, the film was able to use the novel's success in their marketing; noting such achievements in the film trailer. These marketing attributes of the film therefore create the simple high concept narrative of Jaws (1975). Directed by Steven Spielberg, he even proclaims a desire for such a simple narrative, â€Å"I like ideas , especially movie ideas, that you can hold in your hand† (Wyatt 1994, p. 13).From this the negative connotation associated with the high concept film is introduced, as Jaws (1975) bread sequels, a franchise, and similar Hollywood productions. For the most part critics condemn such high concept films as creatively bankrupt, claiming that they're â€Å"the zero point of creativity†¦ relying heavily upon the replication and combination of previous successful narrative† (Wyatt 1994, pp. 13). Being a novel adaptation, this is no doubt re levant to Jaws (1975), however I don't believe it to be a creatively bankrupt film, as there is an art in adapting a novel for screen.Where I do agree however is in regards to the 3 Jaws (1975) sequels, each of which used the same concept merely with altered plot elements. This is no more than exploiting a successful film by using its generic plot that was so easily summarized for marketing purposes. Furthermore, this high concept film has inspired other similar giant creature films such as Lake Placid (1999) and Shark Attack (1999). In addition to this, the Friday the 13th (1980) franchise could be said to be Jaws (1975) with a man instead of a shark.Both of these films rarely depict the ‘killer' killing, and both films have consistent suspense music that plays during the presence of the killer. To continue this further, Friday the 13th (1980) established a repetitive franchise of 10 films, again exploiting a simple high concept narrative. These examples clearly indicate a ha bit to duplicate and exploit high concept films, which I believe is where creative potential is most hindered in this debate. Also considered a high concept film is James Cameron's Terminator 2: Judgement Day, as it too incorporates Hollywood stars, pres sold premise, and the simplicity of the pitch.Again this film is also a presold premise, as it's a sequel to The Terminator which was also successful. Therefore the narrative of this film simply continues from that of The Terminator, however now the terminator must protect the Connor duo. This is simply summarised in the trailer as â€Å"this time he's back. For good† (The Terminator 1984). This sequel brings back stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton, with Arnold primarily featured throughout the films marketing. So with the stars and simplistic narrative both a result of Terminator as a presold premise, this film is no doubt a high concept film.As a result of this, critics would assumedly favour Terminator 2 as a m arketing plot, as sequels are economically strong due to the ability to be marketed through the previous films (Wyatt 1994, p13). However, this is a critically narrow perception of high concept films in general. Tho Jaws may be seen as a lack of creativity in relation to its franchise, Terminator 2 has been studied beyond its simple narrative, granting it more value and meaning. While critics prefer denouncing high concept films, those within the industry favour and encourage the high concept.Wyatt claims that the industry stresses the originality and uniqueness of high concept films, and such Terminator 2: Judgement Day (1991) will be the example (1994, p. 14). While Terminator 2 (1991) may be a high concept film, James Cameron managed to provide a film that can be analysed beyond the simple cyborg narrative (Radner 1998, p. 249). By contrasting Sarah Connor from Terminator 2 (1991) with her character in the original, it's clear that there's a contrasting development of femininity (Radner 1998, p. 253).This can be seen to not only symbolise her evolution in the narrative, but also as a reflection of Hollywood feminist culture (Radner 1998, p. 260). The Hollywood female being that of masculine desire, reducing â€Å"femininity to her image† (Radner 1998, p. 260). In The Terminator (1984), Sarah Connor appears â€Å"fragile, rounded and fecund†, being typically feminine (Radner 1998, p. 260). However, in Terminator 2 (1991) – after the term of her pregnancy – the same character appears much more masculine and irrational (Radner 1998, p. 249-250).This therefore defies the Hollywood model of femininity, while also inverting the rationality of men with the maternal mother (Radner 1998, p. 250). Cameron has used Sarah Connors body as not only a symbol of her evolution and a reflection of Hollywood culture itself, but also to encompass the complex – somewhat contradictory – character that she's become (Radner 1998, p. 251). While fearing for her sons life, she arguably neglects her maternal instincts in order to save humanity, and in doing so appears to jeopardise her sanity (Radner 1998, p. 252).In addition, she also helps to humanize the cyborg that she once feared (Radner 1998, p. 251). This is clearly a complex character transformation through the two Terminator films, and to discard such characterisation as creatively bankrupt would be nothing but generalisation and ignorance. With that, it's clear that the high concept film can be conceptually superior to what critics may give them credit for. In reference to sequels, remakes and adaptations, there's no doubt that the critical view of high concept filmmaking – put forth by Wyatt – is valid.This is evident with the Jaws (1975) franchise – as well as the other previously mentioned films – as the incentive to exploit popular ideas discourages the exploration and creation of new original ideas. In summary, the high concept film is undoubtedly produced at the cost of lower concept films, as low concept films rarely have the same marketing potential that has been discussed. However with reference to Terminator 2 (1991) comes the validity of the opposing argument, as this film has encouraged feminist analysis and reflection despite its marketing value and simple narrative.In addition, Terminator 2 (1991) doesn't stand alone as a superior high concept film, as technically any film can be analysed beyond the surface narrative. This proves that while the high concept film has it's commercial placement in Hollywood, there still remains a place for it artistically. Where marketing and economic interests may produce a ‘simple' style of filmmaking, filmmakers are still encouraged and challenged to explore artistically elsewhere in the production of such films. The high concept saved the Hollywood film industry financially, and is the primary reason for its success through to contemporary cinema.Therefore to brand it a creative burden is to ignore the current success and progress of the industry, and to praise it is to ignore the creativity explored in lower concept films. Reference List American Gangster, 2007, motion picture, Ridley Scott, USA. Balio, T 1990, ‘Introduction to Part 1', Hollywood in the Age of Television, London, pp. 3-40. Batman, 1989, motion picture, Dir. Tim Burton, USA. Batman Begins, 2005, motion picture, Dir. Christopher Nolan, USA. Battle L. A, 2011, motion picture, Dir. Jonathan Liebesman, USA. Cloverfield, 2008, motion picture, Dir. Matt Reeves, USA.Cowboys and Alien, 2011, motion picture, Dir. Jon Favreau, USA. District 9, 2009, motion picture, Dir. Neil Blomkamp, USA. Friday the 13th, 1980, motion picture, Dir. Sean S. Cunningham, USA. Jaws, 1975, motion picture, Dir. Steven Spielberg, USA. Lake Placid, 1999, motion picture, Dir. Steven Miner, USA. Predators 2010, motion picture, Dir. Nimrod Antal, USA. Radner, H 1998, ‘New Hollywood's New Wom en: Murder in Mind – Sarah and Maggie', in Steven Neal (ed), Contemporary Hollywood Cinema, London, pp. 247-262. Shark Attack, 1999, motion picture, Dir. Bob Misiorowski, USA. Skyline, 2010, motion picture, Dir.Colin Strause ; Greg Strause, USA. Snakes on a Plane, 2006, motion picture, Dir. David R. Ellis, USA. Star Wars, 1977, motion picture, Dir. George Lucas, USA. Superman, 1978, motion picture, Dir. Richard Donner, USA. Superman Returns, 2006, motion picture, Dir. Bryan Singer, USA. Terminator 2: Judgement Day, 1991, motion picture, Dir. James Cameron, USA. The Terminator, 1984, motion picture, Dir. james Cameron, USA. Wyatt, J 1994, ‘A critical redefinition: the concept of the high concept film', in High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood, University of Texas, pp. 8-20.

The Death Penalty Is Morally Immoral - 1030 Words

President Obama was quoted in 2006 saying, â€Å"If an offender has committed murder, he must die. In this case, no possible substitute can satisfy justice. For there is no parallel between death and even the most miserable life, so that there is no equality of crime and retribution unless the perpetrator is judicially put to death (Audacity of Hope 2006). As the leader of the free world and the President of our great nation, his values empower our society to believe in the same thing. The strength and influence of politics when it comes to such highly debated issues like capital punishment is substantial. Dr. Bruce Fein, Constitutional Lawyer and General Counsel to the Center for Law and Accountability believes that the crimes of rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny, and perjury pivot on a moral code that escapes apodictic proof by expert testimony or otherwise. 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